Fires in very large apartment complexes represent extraordinary challenges for fire departments. The typical suburban fire department first-alarm resources and housefire tactics place the fight in a losing position from the start. Early recognition of fire potential and aggressive strategy supported by a well-structured ICS is key to a successful outcome. These fires are low-frequency/high-risk events that many firefighters may not experience in a career. When they do, implications are profound. Attendees will examine incidents involving large complex fires that required a significant mutual-aid response.'